Ahmad, T., Magotra, A., Gupta, A.K., Dash, S.K., Mohsin, M., Shabir, M., Hamadani, A. and Yadav, B.R. 2021. Sire evaluation and effect of various factors on growth performance in males of Tharparkar and Karan Fries cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 91(2): 121–127.

Lenth, R. and Piaskowski, J. 2026. emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package version 2.0.2.

Manoj, M. 2009. Evolving multi-trait selection criteria using body weights and first lactation traits in Sahiwal cattle. M.V.Sc. Thesis, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Parikh, S.S., Savaliya, B.D., Patbandha, T.K. and Makwana, R.B. 2022. Calf, dam and sire factors affecting birth weight of Gir calves. Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology, 18(2): 49–53.

R Core Team 2025. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL: https://www.R-project. org/

Singh, R.R., Dutt, T. and Kumar, A. 2011. Genetic analysis of growth performance of Vrindavani cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 81(5): 525–526.

Upadhyay, D., Gaur, G.K., Bharti, P.K., Singh, M. and Dutt, T. 2017. Investigating reasons for lower birth weight in crossbred calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 87(9): 1145–1148.

Yadava, R.K. 2009. Studies on growth pattern for better management of Sahiwal animals. M.V.Sc. Thesis, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Yadava, R., Lathwal, S.S., Singh, Y., Dangi, R.L. and Roy, B.K. 2010. Effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on body weight of Sahiwal cows. Indian Veterinary Journal, 87: 1217–1220.

Wakchaure, R.S. and Meena, R.K. 2010. Factors affecting, birth weight, age and weight at first calving in Sahiwal cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 44(3): 173 - 177.