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The achievement of the Millennium Development Goals is at the centre of sustainable development. Sustainable rural development is vital to the economic, social and environmental viability of nations. It is essential for poverty eradication since global poverty is overwhelmingly rural. The manifestation of poverty goes beyond the urban-rural divide; it has sub-regional and regional contexts. It is therefore critical, and there is great value to be gained, to coordinate rural development initiatives that contribute to sustainable livelihoods through efforts at the global, regional, national and local levels, as appropriate. Strategies to deal with rural development should take into consideration the remoteness and potential in rural areas and provide targeted differentiated approaches. A healthy and dynamic agricultural sector is an important foundation of rural development, generating strong linkages to other economic sectors. Rural livelihoods are enhanced through effective participation of rural people and rural communities in the management of their own social, economic and environmental objectives by empowering people in rural areas, particularly women and young people, including through organisations such as local young people cooperative, and by applying a bottom-up approach.

In recent decades, the pervasive influence of social media on the economy, particularly within the marketing and advertising sector, has become increasingly evident. This investigation delves into the multifaceted role played by social networks in shaping consumer trends, tracing their evolution from rudimentary online communities to pivotal marketing platforms. Leveraging their capacity to accumulate intricate user data, social networks have forged novel pathways for the implementation of targeted advertising initiatives. Consequently, they are instigating transformative developments within the advertising sector, propelling the advancement of innovative and individualized advertising strategies. This article endeavors to scrutinize these dynamic processes and shed light on the principal trends and challenges confronting the contemporary advertising sector within the prevailing backdrop of the escalating influence of social media. Preceding the emergence of social media, consumer behavior predominantly relied on traditional media sources. However, the advent of social media has substantially broadened the accessibility of information, encompassing reviews and recommendations, thereby exerting a notable impact on consumer decision-making processes. Social media platforms establish a robust word-of-mouth system and afford influencers the capacity to shape consumer trends. The customization of content on social media not only presents novel marketing prospects but also engenders inquiries regarding the safeguarding of privacy and confidentiality. Scientific evidence supports the assertion that social influence significantly contributes to the domain of consumer choice. Research has demonstrated that the observation of online choices made by friends or acquaintances exerts an influence on individual decisions. This phenomenon stimulates a desire for social approval and imitation, wherein individuals are inclined to undertake actions akin to those in their social milieu, either to foster a sense of belonging to a group or to sustain their social standing. The consequences of such influence assume a pivotal role in shaping consumer behavior and decision-making processes. In light of this influential factor, it is plausible to anticipate a trajectory wherein marketing strategies incorporating social media and influencer marketing will evolve toward heightened levels of personalization. Brands are likely to persist in exploring methodologies that facilitate the organic engagement of consumers through social connections.

Agricultural policy plays a vital role in achieving sustainable rural development. However, it requires detailed strategic planning based on regional issues and gaps in the implementation of previous sustainable development plans. This article aims to analyze the state and peculiarities of rural development in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Specifically, it examines the importance of agricultural policy strategies in achieving sustainable rural development. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive systematic analysis of the strategic plans of the Common Agricultural Policy Strategies of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Also, it includes structural indicators of regional development of the agricultural sector in these countries for 2017-2020. The results demonstrate that the Common Agricultural Policy Strategies of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary are aimed at stimulating sustainable rural development. In Bulgaria, the agricultural policy for achieving sustainable rural development included creating workplaces, diversifying and developing small enterprises, implementing local development strategies, developing social infrastructure, financing inputs and young farmers, and infrastructure projects (e.g., irrigation). The Czech Republic has the following policy priorities at the European level: sustainability, modernization, workplaces, innovation and quality, and diversification. Direct payments and rural development programs were the main financing mechanisms according to specific needs. The following rural development mechanisms were used in Hungary: farmland management contracts, water and land management measures, social inclusion, investment projects, and special subprograms for targeted support of young farmers. Structural indicators of regional development indicate support for the sustainability of the agricultural sector in 2017-2020.

The article examines the problem of corruption as a threat to national security and analyses various mechanisms for combating corruption, including legal, institutional and social aspects. It studies the effectiveness of various measures to prevent and combat corruption at different levels of government, and a detailed analysis of legal norms and laws aimed at combating corruption is complemented by an overview of the activities of anti-corruption institutions and their role in ensuring national security. The article attempts to identify the main challenges to the effective fight against corruption and provides recommendations for improving existing mechanisms and policies. The relevance of the issue is underlined by the need to ensure the stability and development of the country, as corruption negatively affects institutions and public trust and creates an environment for threats to national security. The main purpose of the article is to review and analyse various anti-corruption mechanisms to determine their effectiveness in the context of national security. The study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of existing anti-corruption strategies and mechanisms. The study uses various research methods, including legal document analysis, institutional analysis, socio-cultural and economic analysis, as well as empirical data, surveys and case studies. It highlights successful practices that can be used to improve the anti-corruption strategy, overviews failures and offers recommendations for further improvement of anti-corruption mechanisms in Ukraine. The findings of the study may be relevant to the formulation of national security policies and strategies in the context of the fight against corruption, and may serve as a basis for further discussion and decision-making in the field of anti-corruption policy to strengthen national security.

The article systematically reviews and analyses the phenomenon of cybercrime, with a focus on state and private cybercrime. The author highlights the main differences in characteristics, goals, resources, scale and consequences by comparing these phenomena. Real-life examples of cyberattacks are used to illustrate the diversity and threat of this issue to modern society. The second part of the article discusses measures to protect against cyberattacks, emphasising the main strategies at the state and private entity level. It highlights the importance of developing cybersecurity strategies, monitoring and response, cyber states of emergency, international cooperation, and intellectual property protection. The final section discusses the relevance of protecting against cyber threats and implementing measures to counteract this phenomenon in the context of the rapid development of cybercrime. It is noted that international cooperation, the development of standards and norms, and joint defence against cyber threats are key aspects of successfully countering state-sponsored cybercrime. It should be mentioned that the prevention and mitigation of cybercrime has become a crucial responsibility for all contemporary societies. This requires not only the implementation of technical security measures but also global collaboration between states and private sector entities, as well as the development of international strategies. The study confirms the significant impact of cybercrime on the security of states and institutions, particularly the increasing number of systematic attacks on critical infrastructure. It has been found that this phenomenon is becoming a global issue, necessitating effective international cooperation and the establishment of standards for the legal regulation of cyber activities. The findings emphasise the demand for all-encompassing approaches and actions to guarantee sustainable cybersecurity on both a national and global scale. The article discusses the increasing danger of state-sponsored cybercrime and the significance of creating defence strategies for states and institutions. The study analyses the distinctions between state and conventional cybercrime, identifies potential hazards, and recommends security measures. It also emphasises the necessity of international cooperation and the establishment of standards to effectively address this crucial issue.